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Being “paycheck to paycheck” means many Americans are one crisis away from homelessness due to factors like low wages, high housing costs, and inadequate safety nets. A significant percentage of the population, sometimes reported as over half, lives with little or no savings, making them highly vulnerable to job loss, medical emergencies, or other unexpected expenses that could lead to losing their housing.
Contributing factors
Stagnant wages vs. rising costs: Wages have not kept pace with the rising cost of housing, food, and other necessities, making it difficult to save money for unexpected events.
High cost of housing: Even for those working full-time, the cost of a basic apartment is often unaffordable, with the average annual earnings for people experiencing homelessness being far below what is needed for rent.
Lack of savings and safety nets: Many Americans, especially low-income households, have little to no savings. Additionally, inadequate social safety nets and underfunded programs fail to protect people from falling into homelessness when faced with job loss or other crises.
Precarious work: Jobs with unstable income, such as gig work, lack of benefits like health insurance and paid time off, and underemployment, can put people at a high risk of losing their housing.
Other crises: A single event like a job loss, a medical emergency, or a car problem can trigger a domino effect that leads to eviction and homelessness for those living paycheck to paycheck.
What "paycheck to paycheck" means
Living paycheck to paycheck means a household spends most or all of its income on basic necessities, leaving little to no money for savings or emergencies.
This can be especially true for low-income households, where nearly 30% were living paycheck to paycheck in one report.
A 2025 Bank of America analysis found that about a quarter of U.S. households were spending over 95% of their income on necessities like housing, groceries, and utilities.